Congenital Malformations are alterations in the shape and structure of the human body present at birth and originating during intrauterine life.

A deviation from the normal morphological structure of an organism or parts of its organs is therefore called a malformation and has a prenatal origin, or predisposition.

It is clear that there can never be a clear limit of demarcation between normal subjects and malformed subjects: therefore, an organ is often normal for some, while for others it is malformed, even if it is not pathological; however, when we speak of Congenital Malformations (CM) we generally mean to refer not to malformations bordering on normality, but only to pathological ones.

Malformations are not always evident at birth; they are often subtle or internal or potential and manifest their presence at a certain age from birth or even in adulthood; an accurate investigation ( early screening ) can highlight an internal or subtle CM in the neonatal period, with suitable means.